The Current Political News from Around the World

Archive for December, 2009

The Concept of Power

Thursday, December 31st, 2009

The conditions of domination and subordination of power have always been a constant in the history of human relations and its forms of social organization.

For that reason, analyze the nature and dynamics of power is one of the most important elements of policy analysis and to develop prospective scenarios. It should be noted, as a precautionary measure, which by its very nature interdisciplinary social and profile, the comprehensive study of power in all of its edges, requires a major effort of synthesis that has a enormous size and complexity.

Whenever the subjects of study correspond to the area of political science and specifically to the field of International Relations Theory of the State and the school of political realism is the theoretical element driver.

By its application will be an effort of synthesis aimed at discussing the ways in which the study of power has been renewed concepts of national security.

The main hypothesis argues that power remains an appropriate prism for interpreting national and international reality. This hypothesis is derived in two secondary schools. The first argues that the renewal of security concepts do not break with the theoretical principles of the realist school of power, as only fit a new social reality, by lowering the priorities of the military component. The second hypothesis states that strategic planning schemes allow interpreting state interests and national security objectives under a vision of rationalization of resources and results, beyond the paradigm of unlimited budgets under the argument of reason of state.

The power has gone in parallel with the history of man. Hence, in studies of the gregarious nature of man and of all forms of organization that has evolved in society, direct or indirect references to power, have always been present. A specialist said that this concept has been an ongoing and thorough review by analysts from many different fields of knowledge. From the philosophers of ancient Greece to today military planners, and among them, a whole galaxy of experts in psychology, sociology, economics, political science and international relations, among other disciplines.

The power and their policies have a special relation, which is the figure of the State. According to Maurice Duverger, politics, for some, is the science of the state, while for others it is the science of power. This dichotomy for us, there is as sharp. The power is inherent in the State, to the point that the State is not without power.

It is important to emphasize that the power has laws and fundamental characteristics that distinguish it for purposes of historical analysis, other areas of social knowledge. Only through them can explain why throughout the history of mankind, many nations have lost their place of influence and their empires.

The two major mistakes people make when assessing the power of states: The first is that the power of a state is never permanent, point related to the fact that can be prominent at a given time may not be as important in another. The second is the fallacy of a single factor, which gives too much importance to an element of power.

There are two “categories” of laws: the static and dynamic. The first is universality, diversity, integrity, neutrality and interdependence. For the dynamic stresses conservation, expansion and efficiency relativity.

The power has two faces or facets. Internally, the power is linked to the legal order, the separation of powers and the forms of political, territorial and government, from a fully independent and fully sovereign in their decisions, power is the “set of mutual relations between the trustees of public authority and between them and the people.

Groups, like individuals, have two procedures for obtaining, in case of opposition and conflict, the objectives sought: direct action and political action. The former means that the group acts directly on individuals whose cooperation is necessary to achieve the desired result. The second, that the group tries to succeed by exercising the coercive power of the state.

http://sites.google.com/site/arturvictoria/ http://sites.google.com/site/cliparturvictoria/Article Source:http://www.articlesbase.com/politics-articles/the-concept-of-power-1644996.html

concept of power in states,legal concept of power,Concept of Power game,concept power international relations,Concepts in political power,neus concept,the concept of power in us history

Linkages Between Terrorism and Drug Trafficking in North Africa

Thursday, December 31st, 2009

Until the moment when 16 terrorist attacked in Casablanca and caused the killing of 44 people, the Moroccan regime had been taking a low profile in the treatment of cannabis crop growing and trafficking. In the 90s, the former king Hassan II formed an agency for the development of northern Morocco under the auspices of the Ministry of Interior. The cultivation and smuggling of hashish had a formal treatment “The production is legal and controlled… traffic is penalized, but you can fight as long as demand… ” the benefits are extended to the European mafia.

The attacks in Casablanca and the fear of an alliance between Islam and the violent drug gangs changed Mohamed VI ideas. The area for drug farming was 100,000 hectares and the production stood at just over 2,000 tons. Today, the Moroccan Government admits, for the first time that exists 134,000 hectares of crops which produce 3080 tons of hashish. For sharing profits, data compiled by the Agency of Northern Development, “farmers” receive $ 214 million (0.57% of Moroccan GDP), while “Traffickers” are pocketing 12,000 million. It is not clear what is the area reserved for drug traffickers operations in Morocco and those for acting outside the country that have Moroccan nationality.

The alarm went off when, after complaints by some independent media, the security services arrested thirty commanders of their own security forces and the judiciary, police, gendarmes, customs officers, spies, and judges. Due to the seizure of guns among drug dealers bloody clashes between rival gangs resulted in several deaths. This event pushed the regime of Mohamed VI to seek international help to eradicate this problem.

The ramifications of the Islamist groups linked to the Salafiya Jehadi with hashish trafficking networks made to fear “the Colombian scenario”, as has been reported repeatedly in the independent Moroccan press, as vetoed by the Moroccan government

Since the killings in Casablanca, the anti-terrorist services have arrested more than 6,000 people, of which 1500 are already in jail, purging sentences between two and twenty years.

The National Intelligence Center, concerns with the developments in northern Morocco, where the “cells” terrorists. Police operations dismantled terrorist camps in areas controlled by drug traffickers.

The possibility of an alliance between rival drug trafficking and Islamic terrorism native gangs or network linked to Osama bin Laden has warned all Western intelligence services.

The publication of the Report on drugs made by the authorities in Rabat in collaboration with UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is considered Morocco opening to international collaboration. The UNODC Executive Director Antonio Maria Costa, who has held extensive meetings with various specialists and consultants from the Moroccan Royal Palace Alawite estimated that is a seriously situation. This represents a 180 degree change in attitude from Morocco for many years.

Brussels closely monitor all movements of money from, to and within the European Union. The fight against terrorism and drug trafficking charges, each time has a higher price. The police control increase in Europe, on the streets and transportation systems with more agents and presence of television cameras. European governments, even skeptics now have confirmed the will to close the terrorist international financial world. Brussels aims to “seal the sources of financing of international terrorism”.

Under the draft regulations submitted by the Commissioner Charlie McCreevy, the personal information on both the sender and destination and the consignee of all wire transfers to and from the European Union are recorded, stored and used in case of suspected people and money have to do with terrorism and / or drugs.

The credit institutions must notify the police and research institutions in the information collected when there is suspicion of money laundering and / or connections to terrorism and drug trafficking.

For any transfers within the European Union on behalf of paying sufficient and bank account number. “If the receiving bank requires more information, persons involved are required to deliver,” said a finance expert from the European Commission. So far the bank of the recipient knew little about the person running the shipments.

The monitoring and information delivery will be made regardless of the amount of money involved, because even at low amounts can fund terrorism.

The new regulations not only lies with the banks and bank drafts, but also lawyers, notaries, real estate dealers and owners of casinos. They are required to establish the identity of participants in transactions over 15,000 Euros. Moreover, in case any of the professionals were to be suspicious about the provenance or destination of money involved, should report it to authorities.

The monitoring of money transfers is really part of the Action Plan against Terrorism, which the European Union dismissed after the violent events of 11th September and has been adapted to the situation.

http://sites.google.com/site/arturvictoria/
http://sites.google.com/site/cliparturvictoria/
Article Source:http://www.articlesbase.com/politics-articles/linkages-between-terrorism-and-drug-trafficking-in-north-africa-1645005.html